ABSTRACT
Based on the analysis of air quality data in Yunnan Province from 2015 to 2020, combined with spatial interpolation analysis and geographic detector factor analysis, the spatial-temporal evolution characteristics of air quality in Yunnan Province have been studied, and the main driving factors, the mechanisms, and the impact of regional COVID-19 control measures affecting air quality have been discussed. The results show that the air quality in Yunnan Province was generally good (superior rate > 98%) from 2015 to 2020, that the Air Quality Index (AQI) value is better in the wet season than in the dry season, and that the concentration of major pollutants shows a decreasing trend. AQI values are spatially high in the east and low in the west. The relative humidity, precipitation, population density, building construction area, and civil vehicles have a greater degree of explanation for the spatial differentiation of AQI, whereas the synergistic influence (maximum value 0.92) of socio-economic factors and meteorological factors is significantly greater than that of a single factor (maximum value 0.80) by the geographic detector model. The control measures for COVID-19 in 2020 reduced the concentration of major pollutants in the atmosphere to a certain extent. Controlling regional air pollution in urban agglomerations in low-latitude plateau areas can improve their air quality by reducing human activities. However, the control of O3 concentration is more complex, and more restrictive factors need to be considered. The results will provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of air pollution in plateau cities.
ABSTRACT
Probing the conformational and functional hotspot sites within aqueous native protein complexes is still a challenging task. Herein, a mass spectrometry (MS)-based two-step isotope labeling-lysine reactivity profiling (TILLRP) strategy is developed to quantify the reactivities of lysine residues and probe the molecular details of protein-protein interactions as well as evaluate the conformational interventions by small-molecule active compounds. The hotspot lysine sites that are crucial to the SARS-CoV-2 S1-ACE2 combination could be successfully probed, such as S1 Lys417 and Lys444. Significant alteration of the reactivities of lysine residues at the interaction interface of S1-RBD Lys386-Lys462 was observed during the formation of complexes, which might be utilized as indicators for investigating the S1-ACE2 dynamic recognition and intervention at the molecular level in high throughput.